Sounds, as we have discussed, vary in intensity and frequency. The potential effect that sound has on the ability to cause noise-induced hearing loss is mostly dependent on its intensity or loudness.
Sounds in the 40–60 dB range are harmless and even considered quiet.
When the sound intensity level ranges from 70–80 dB, which is similar to normal city traffic noise, the intensity is sometimes considered unwanted, but not at a level that would be considered potentially harmful.
At 85–90 dB, such as at a construction site or in a manufacturing plant, the intensity is at a level that may cause noise-induced hearing loss with prolonged exposure. Exposure to 85 dB of noise over a prolonged period of time should be considered the action limit where hearing protection should be worn to reduce exposure.
At 90–100 dB, noise is considered high intensity and can cause noise-induced hearing loss after exposure over time. An exposure of 90 dB over an 8-hour time-weighted average is the OSHA permissible exposure limit where hearing protection is required.
At 110–140 dB, noise is considered high intensity; exposure to noise at this level, even for a short period of time, may cause noise-induced hearing loss.
Noise in excess of 140 dB is considered impact noise. It is so intense that it causes pain and hearing loss even after a single exposure.
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